Magnetic resonance imaging is a relatively new medical imaging technique.
2021-11-12
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a relatively new medical imaging technique that was officially introduced into clinical practice internationally only in 1982. It uses static magnetic fields and radiofrequency magnetic fields to generate images of human tissues. During the imaging process, no ionizing radiation or contrast agents are required, yet high-contrast, clear images can still be obtained. MRI is capable of revealing abnormalities and early lesions within the body’s organs at the molecular level. In many respects, MRI outperforms X-ray computed tomography (CT). Although X-CT resolves the issue of image overlap in the human body, the images it provides still reflect only the spatial distribution of tissue absorption of X-rays and thus fail to convey information about the physiological state of the body’s organs. When the absorption coefficients of diseased tissue and surrounding normal tissue are identical, no meaningful diagnostic information can be obtained. Such lesions can only be detected once they have progressed to the point where they alter the organ’s morphology, shift its position, or grow large enough to cause noticeable symptoms. In addition to possessing the anatomical characteristics of X-CT—namely, the ability to produce non-overlapping proton-density tomographic images—MRI equipment can also precisely measure the nuclear relaxation times T1 and T2 based on the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance. As a result, MRI can reveal detailed information about the chemical structure of human tissues. These data, reconstructed by computer, yield compositional images (chemical-structure images) that can distinguish between tissues with the same density but different chemical compositions, as well as between different chemical structures within the same tissue. This capability makes it particularly easy to differentiate between gray matter and white matter in the brain and greatly enhances the effectiveness of early diagnosis for tissue necrosis, malignant diseases, and degenerative disorders. Moreover, MRI offers significantly improved contrast resolution for soft tissues.
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